Possible Tax Credits Available for Purchases of Precision Spray Equipment

By Mark Sutphin, Associate Extension Agent

I received a recent inquiry that I thought I would share so that all may know of the possible tax credit opportunity. Through Virginia Agricultural BMP Cost Share and Tax Credit Programs, tree fruit and grape growers who purchase precision spray equipment might be eligible for a tax credit. The specific question I received was regarding a Durand Wayland Smart Spray system, but other equipment manufacturers have systems that may be eligible for tax credits as well. Please reach out to Virginia Department of Conservation & Recreation (DCR) or your local Soil and Water Conservation office for specifics on the tax credit program and to file for approval of a tax credit claim.

The exact wording regarding precision agricultural equipment from the Program Year 2015 Virginia Agricultural Cost-Share (VACS) BMP Manual can be found below as well as the link to the entire document. Tax Credit for Purchase of Precision Agricultural Equipment (page IV – 13) § 58.1-337.

Tax credit for purchase of advanced technology pesticide and fertilizer application equipment.

A. Any individual engaged in agricultural production for market who has in place a nutrient management plan approved by the local Soil and Water Conservation District by the required tax return filing date of the individual shall be allowed a credit against the tax imposed by § 58.1-320 of an amount equaling twenty-five percent of all expenditures made by such individual for the purchase of equipment certified by the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Board as providing more precise pesticide and fertilizer application. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and Virginia State University shall provide at the request of the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Board technical assistance in determining appropriate specifications for certified equipment, which would provide for more precise pesticide and fertilizer application to reduce the potential for adverse environmental impacts. The equipment shall be divided into the following categories:

  1. Sprayers for pesticides and liquid fertilizers;
  2. Pneumatic fertilizer applicators;
  3. Monitors, computer regulators, and height adjustable booms for sprayers and liquid fertilizer applicators;
  4. Manure applicators;
  5. Tramline adapters; and
  6. Starter fertilizer banding attachments for planters.

B. The amount of such credit shall not exceed $3,750 or the total amount of the tax imposed by this chapter, whichever is less, in the year of purchase. If the amount of such credit exceeds the taxpayer’s tax liability for such taxable year, the amount which exceeds the tax liability may be carried over for credit against the income taxes of such individual in the next five taxable years until the total amount of the tax credit has been taken.

C. For purposes of this section, the amount of any credit attributable to the purchase of equipment certified by the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Board as providing more precise pesticide and fertilizer application by a partnership or electing small business corporation (S corporation) shall be allocated to the individual partners or shareholders in proportion to their ownership or interest in the partnership or S corporation.

http://dswcapps.dcr.virginia.gov/htdocs/agbmpman/csmanual.pdf

Additional information regarding the Virginia Agricultural BMP Cost Share and Tax Credit Programs can be found at the following link:

http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/soil_and_water/costshar.shtml

Mark Sutphin Associate Extension Agent | Agriculture and Natural Resources, Horticulture | Unit Coordinator (Frederick) Virginia Cooperative Extension – Frederick County Office | 107 North Kent Street | Winchester, VA 22601 Phone – 540.665.5699 | Fax – 540.722.8380 | Cell – 540.398.8148 | Email – mark.sutphin@vt.edu | http://offices.ext.vt.edu/frederick/ | http://vacoopext.blogspot.com/

Serving the counties of Frederick, Clarke, Page, Shenandoah, & Warren VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY Extension is a joint program of Virginia Tech, Virginia State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and state and local governments.

Impromptu Pruning Discussion, Monday February 23

I will be meeting with Bennett Saunders and a few other growers at Saunders Brothers’ Cub Creek Orchard this coming Monday to discuss pruning strategies for tall spindle and other high density orchards.

This will be a fairly informal meeting oriented towards group discussion and demonstrations.

For those who can make it, we will meet at 10AM just inside the gate near the entrance of Cub Creek Orchard located off of Carter Hill Lane, Roseland, VA.

Click here for Google Map directions.

It looks like it’ll be decent weather, but the ground might be a bit wet. Bring your own lunch, loopers, boots, etc.

UPDATE (Sunday Feb. 22): This meeting is still scheduled to proceed as planned. However, only four wheel-drive vehicles will be able to drive further than the orchard entrance. We will coordinate carpools at 10AM.

________________________
Gregory Michael Peck, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Horticulture • Virginia Tech
Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center
595 Laurel Grove Road • Winchester, VA 22602 • USA
540.869.2560 X19 greg.peck@vt.edu
Tree Fruit Homepage: www.anr.ext.vt.edu/tree-fruit/
Research Homepage: www.arec.vaes.vt.edu/alson-h-smith/treefruit/horticulture/

2015 Winter Fruit School Hard Cider and Tall Spindle Presentations

In response to requests for more information about my talks at the 2015 Winter Fruit Schools, I have linked condensed versions of my presentations to this blog post.

In addition, more information about hard cider can be found at:

More information about tall spindle orchards can be found at:

Gregory Michael Peck, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Horticulture • Virginia Tech
Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center
595 Laurel Grove Road • Winchester, VA 22602 • USA
540.869.2560 X19       greg.peck@vt.edu
Tree Fruit Homepage: www.anr.ext.vt.edu/tree-fruit/

2015 Winter Fruit Schools

The 2015 Winter Fruit School dates, times, and locations have been set. These in-depth meetings focus on commercial tree-fruit production. The schedule will be similar to the 2014 schedule, with the Carroll-Patrick meeting occurring on Tuesday morning and the Central Virginia meeting occurring on Wednesday evening. The full list of locations is below, as well as the local contact for each meeting. NOTE: There is a new location for the Carroll-Patrick Fruit School meeting this year.

Presentations by will include the following topics: brown marmorated stink bug update, tall spindle systems, hard cider resources, neonicotinoid impacts on pollinators, spotted winged drosophila and spotted lanternfly updates, and summer disease management updates with a focus on Glomerella leaf spot. Additional programing is still being developed at each location and more details are forthcoming. Pesticide recertification credits are usually available, check with the local contact for more information.

Date Location Registration opens Local Contact Contact’s phone
number
Tuesday
February 10
<Program>
Hungry Farmer Cafe
15297 Fancy Gap Highway (US 52)
Cana, VA 24317
9:00AM Steve Pottorff 276-730-3113
Wednesday
February 11
<Program>
Brambleton Center
3738 Brambleton Avenue SW 
Roanoke, VA 24018
8:15AM Kate Lawrence 540-473-8260
Wednesday
February 11
<Program TBD>
The Nelson Center
8445 Thomas Nelson Highway
Lovingston, VA 22949
4:30PM Michael Lachance 434-263-4035
Thursday
February 12
<Program>
Grave’s Mountain Lodge
Rte. 670
Syria, VA 22743
8:15AM Kenner Love 540-675-3619
Friday
February 13
<Program &
Registration Form
>
Best Western-
Lee Jackson Banquet Hall

711 Millwood Ave.
 
Winchester, VA 22601
8:00AM Mark Sutphin
&
Marsha Wright
540-665-5699

 

Sold Out: Cider Production Short Course: From Tree To Bottle

As of October 17, the Cider Production Short Course: From Tree to Bottle has been sold out. Any registrations received after this date will be returned. If you did not get a confirmation email that we received your registration form and payment, then you are not registered. Thank you for your interest. We plan to host more cider related workshops in the future.

Apple Maturity Report for September 16

We checked the maturity of apples growing at the Alson H. Smith, Jr. AREC on September 16.

With clear days, dry conditions, and cool nights we couldn’t ask for a better stretch of weather. Many growers are starting to pick their main cultivars, including Red Delicious and Golden Delicious. Data from the AREC show that both of these cultivars are still in an ideal window for long-term storage. Jonagolds and Empires are entering into the ideal harvest window. Idareds and Romes are probably a week or so away, and Yorks are probably two weeks away from their ideal harvest maturity.

Below are all of our harvest data for 2014.  Click on this sentence to learn more about the different maturity indices.

Maturity Report 2014, Virginia Tech        
Sample Collection Date Cultivar Location Number of Orchards Tested (10 Fruit Each) Background Color (1-4)* Red Color (%) Firmness (lbs) Soluble Solids (ºBrix) Starch-iodine Index       (1-8)** Fruit Diameter (inches) Fruit wt. (g) Ethylene (ppm)
8/18/14 Gala (Crimson) AHS JR AREC 1 80.4 23.2 11.2 1.1 2.66 144 0.0
8/25/14 Gala (Crimson) AHS JR AREC 1 93.2 20.0 13.3 3.4 2.79 162 0.4
8/25/14 Gala (Buckeye) AHS JR AREC 1 98.7 21.6 14.9 4.0 2.79 172 1.6
8/18/14 Golden Supreme AHS JR AREC 1 3.1 18.1 10.9 1.7 2.88 174 0.0
8/25/14 Golden Supreme AHS JR AREC 1 2.6 16.9 11.5 2.6 2.82 166 0.0
8/25/14 Golden Delicious Winchester 12 2.2 18.6 12.4 1.5 2.85 166 0.0
9/16/14 Golden Delicious Winchester 2 2.9 16.3 13.5 4.6 2.82 161 0.0
8/18/14 Honeycrisp AHS JR AREC 1 53 18.5 11.8 1.1 3.27 232 0.0
8/25/14 Honeycrisp AHS JR AREC 1 55 15.8 13.0 1.8 3.36 247 4.9
8/25/14 Red Delicious (Scarlet Spur) Winchester 1 91 19.2 10.9 1.3 2.90 179 0.0
8/25/14 Red Delicious (Red Chief) Winchester 2 80 19.3 10.6 1.2 2.92 182 0.0
8/25/14 Red Delicious (Nured) AHS JR AREC 1 87 18.0 9.8 1.1 2.83 166 0.0
8/25/14 Red Delicious (Redspur) Winchester 1 64 18.6 11.2 2.1 2.93 182 0.0
8/25/14 Red Delicious (Ace) AHS JR AREC 1 95 19.7 10.8 1.0 2.78 160 0.0
8/25/14 Red Delicious (Bisbee) AHS JR AREC 2 86 18.9 10.9 1.3 2.80 163 0.0
9/16/14 Red Delicious (Nured) AHS JR AREC 1 97 17.0 11.7 2.4 2.83 167 0.9
9/16/14 Red Delicious (Ace) AHS JR AREC 1 99 19.2 13.0 2.0 2.93 187 3.6
8/25/14 Empire AHS JR AREC 3 64 18.8 11.7 1.6 2.82 148 0.0
9/16/14 Empire AHS JR AREC 1 88 18.3 12.6 2.7 2.65 126 0.6
9/16/14 Rome (Law) AHS JR AREC 1 92 21.7 12.2 3.0 2.92 163 0.3
9/16/14 Rome (Taylor) AHS JR AREC 1 50 21.6 12.4 3.0 3.14 203 0.0
9/16/14 York AHS JR AREC 2 80 23.8 11.1 1.3 2.90 161 0.0
9/16/14 Jonagold AHS JR AREC 1 81 16.3 14.2 5.4 3.30 251 0.1
9/16/14 Idared AHS JR AREC 1  – 61 15.2 12.9 2.0 3.00 180 0.0
* 1 = green, 2 = light green, 3 = yellowish green, 4 = yellow.
** 1 = 100% starch, 5 = 60% starch, 8 = 0% starch.

 

Cider Production Short Course: From Tree To Bottle

SOLD OUT

As of October 17, this workshop has been sold out. Any registrations received after this date will be returned. If you did not get a confirmation email that we received your registration form and payment, then you are not registered. Thank you for your interest. We plan to host more cider related workshops in the future.

Cider Production Short Course: From Tree to Bottle

Virginia Tech – Blacksburg, Virginia

November 6-7, 2014

Purpose: During this workshop, participants will learn about cider production from both the orchard and cider-making perspectives. Our goal is to provide participants with the latest research-based information to advance their cider orchard, fermentation technique, and marketing practices. Content will be tailored to commercial producers who are or will soon be in production.IMG_1737

About the Course: The workshop will include a mix of classroom lectures and hands-on laboratory training. Speakers will share information on the current state of Virginia Tech’s cider research projects, including orchard management practices that impact cider quality, cultivar selection, the cost of growing hard cider apples, the potential increase in the Mid-Atlantic cider market, understanding apple tannins, and the laboratory skills needed for producing consistently high-quality cider. Participants will also be trained in recognizing and preventing cider faults and flaws. Guest speaker Mary Beth Williams, a practicing attorney whose clientele includes many cideries and wineries in Virginia, will discuss federal and state regulations.

Cost: $150 per person (includes two lunches, two coffee breaks, cider sensory session, handouts, lab supplies, and take home materials). Payment must be in the form of a check, payable to “Virginia Tech Foundation” with “Winchester Horticulture” in the memo line. (Note: Due to Virginia Tech policies, cash and credit card payments cannot be accepted.) Registration fees are non-refundable.

There is a maximum of 35 spaces available for this workshop! Space will be filled on a first-come, first-served basis. This event is now sold out.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE REGISTRATION FORM

Each workshop participant should complete a separate form.

Location: Human and Agricultural Biosciences Building 1 (HABB1), Virginia Tech, 1230 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, Virginia (www.vt.edu/about/buildings/human-ag-biosciences-1.html). To download a campus map, visit www.maps.vt.edu.

Parking: Free parking passes will be available for nearby parking lots. Please arrive at 8:00 AM to obtain a pass. Many hotels offer free shuttles to campus buildings. Please inquire at the front desk of your hotel.

Hotels: The Inn at Virginia Tech is offering a discounted rate ($97/night plus taxes and other fees) for course attendees. Use the code “Hard Cider Workshop” when making your reservations. (Note: There is no requirement to stay at The Inn.)

DSC03890Disability accommodations: If you are a person with a disability and need any assistive devices, services, or other accommodations to participate in the Cider Production Short Course, please contact Greg Peck (Alson H. Smith Jr. AREC) at 540-869-2560, ext. 19*, during business hours (7:30 AM to 4:00 PM), at least five days prior to the event to make arrangements. *TDD number is 1-800-828-1120.

For additional information or questions, please contact Greg Peck.

 Sponsored in part with funding from a VDACS USDA-Specialty Crop Block Grant.


Cider Production Short Course: From Tree to Bottle

Program

Thursday, November 6, 2014

8:30 – 9:00 AM      Introduction to the Workshop – Greg Peck & Amanda Stewart

9:00 – 9:30           Cider Styles in Virginia and Around the World – Molly Kelly

9:30 – 10:15          Influence of Orchard Design and Management on Cider Apples: Site Selection, Rootstocks, Cultivars, Training Systems, and Yields – Greg Peck

10:15 – 10:30         Coffee Break (provided)

10:30 – 11:15         The Economics of Growing Hard Cider Apples – Gordon Groover

11:15-11:30           Demonstration of the Cost-of-Production Worksheets – Gordon Groover and Greg Peck

11:30 -12:00 PM   Developing Relationships and Contracts between Apple Growers and Cideries: Examples from the Virginia Wine Industry – Tremain Hatch

12:00-12:45           Lunch (provided)

12:45 – 1:30          The Emerging Hard Cider Industry: A Market Analysis of the Mid-Atlantic Region – Gustavo Ferreira

1:30 – 1:45           Break

1:45 – 2:30           Chemical Composition of Cider Apples in Virginia – Amanda Stewart, Andrew Neilson, and Greg Peck

2:30 – 3:45           Understanding Governmental Regulations – Mary Beth Williams

3:45 – 4:00           Walk to Laboratory

4:00 – 5:30           Laboratory Practicum – Molly Kelly, Amanda Stewart, and Ken Hurley

 

Friday, November 7, 2014

8:00 – 8:15 AM         Welcome to Day 2 – Greg Peck

8:15 – 9:00            Strategies for a Profitable Tasting Room – Gustavo Ferreira

9:00 – 9:45            Nitrogen in Fermentations – Amanda Stewart

9:45 – 10:00           Coffee Break (provided)/walk to sensory session

10:00 – 12:00 PM     Sensory Session – Amanda Stewart and Molly Kelly

12:00 – 1:00           Lunch (provided)

1:00 – 1:15            Overview of the Virginia Tech Wine Analysis Laboratory – Ken Hurley

1:15 – 2:30            Grower and Producer Panel: What Apples Do I Grow? What Apples Do I Want for my Cider?

2:30 – 3:15            Processing and Fermentation Equipment – Brian Wiersema and Molly Kelly

3:15 – 4:00            Wrap-up, Open Discussion, Q&A – All

Schedule is subject to modifications.


 Cider Production Short Course: From Tree to Bottle

Workshop Speakers

Gustavo Ferreira earned a B.S. in economics at Lusiada University (Portugal), an M.B.A. at McNeese State University, and a Ph.D. in agricultural economics at Louisiana State University. Since 2010, Ferreira has been a faculty member in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at Virginia Tech and has developed teaching, research, and Virginia Cooperative Extension programs with a focus on agribusiness and agricultural marketing. He has participated in multiple interdisciplinary research-funded grants ($627,000) and has authored 11 peer-reviewed journal articles and Extension publications.

Gordon Groover is an Extension specialist in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at Virginia Tech. His work as an Extension economist centers on improving the financial decision-making capacity, knowledge, and analytical skills of Extension personnel and clients. His current Extension and research work includes programs on Virginia land-use taxation, farm business management, apple cost of production, and economics of sustainable forage and livestock systems. He has produced a bimonthly newsletter since 1992 to disseminate information to farmers, agents, governmental personnel, and agricultural media. Groover is responsible for supporting the development of more than 130 crop and livestock cost-of-production budgets.

Tremain Hatch has been a viticulture research/Extension associate at the Virginia Tech Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Winchester, Virginia since 2010. He works to deliver innovative research to Virginia grape growers to improve their sustainability and fruit quality. Hatch first became involved in the Virginia wine industry in 2002 when he helped his father install a vineyard on their cattle farm. He has competed vineyard internships in Italy, New Zealand, and Virginia, and continues to help on his family farm with its livestock, vineyards, and winery.

Ken Hurley is a TTB certified chemist who was brought in to establish the VT Enology Analytical Services Laboratory after graduating with a Masters in Biochemistry in 2005. He is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Food Science and Technology at Virginia Tech studying factors that influencing and control fermentation.

Molly Kelly joined Virginia Tech’s faculty as the enology Extension specialist in the Department of Food Science and Technology in December 2013. Previously she held the position of enology instructor at Surry Community College in Dobson, North Carolina, where she developed the enology curriculum and managed all aspects of the college’s 1,000-case bonded winery. Under her direction, Surry produced numerous international, award-winning wines. Prior to her position at Surry, Kelly was a biodefense team microbiologist with the New York State Department of Health. Kelly earned a bachelor’s degree in medical technology from Indiana University of Pennsylvania and a master’s in biology from the University of Texas-San Antonio. She recently completed a Ph.D. in food science at Virginia Tech under the direction of Bruce Zoecklein. Her dissertation research focused on the characterization of the aroma composition of petit manseng grapes.

Andrew Neilson is an assistant professor in the Department of Food Science and Technology at Virginia Tech. His research interests center on dietary polyphenols. Within the field of polyphenols, he studies polyphenol chemistry and levels in foods; bioactivities against chronic diseases such as diabetes, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics; and analytical methods such as HPLC-mass spectrometry. Currently, Neilson’s group studies apple, cocoa, and grape polyphenols. He is also collaborating with Amanda Stewart and Gregory Peck to investigate the impact amongst orchard practices, apple varietals, and fermentation dynamics on apple polyphenols in apple juices and hard cider.

Gregory Peck is an assistant professor of horticulture and the tree-fruit Extension specialist for Virginia Tech. He has collaborated on economic feasibility studies for small-scale cideries and hard cider orchards, and has established cider variety trials at the Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Winchester, Virginia. He is currently collaborating with Amanda Stewart and Andrew Neilson to investigate the relationship between orchard practices, fermentation dynamics, and cider quality.

Amanda Stewart is an assistant professor of enology and fermentation at Virginia Tech. She has taught courses in wine production and wine styles/wine appreciation, and has presented on practical topics in winemaking and fermentation at wine and cider industry meetings in several states throughout the Eastern U.S. She is currently collaborating with Gregory Peck, Andrew Neilson, and Molly Kelly to conduct research and Extension work related to hard cider production from the orchard to the cidery.

Brian Wiersema is the Pilot Plant Manager for the Food Science Department at Virginia Tech.  Prior to working at Virginia Tech Brian spent over 15 years in the food and beverage industry as an assistant winemaker, cellar master at a cider production facility, and most recently as QA and Analytical lab manager at a top craft brewery.

Mary Beth Williams is president of Williams Compliance and Consulting Group LLC, which provides compliance services and legal consulting to the alcohol beverage industry. She works in all levels of the three-tier system, with a focus on the day-to-day compliance issues and trade practice parameters within which industry members must function. Williams graduated from the University of Denver College of Law in 1996. She served as a felony prosecutor in Colorado for six years and as a civil litigator for two years before returning to her home state of Virginia, where she worked as a regulatory attorney with the Virginia State Corporation Commission before starting Williams Compliance and Consulting.

Now is the time to sample leaves for nutrient analysis

Measuring the nutrient needs of orchards should be done by using both soil and leaf (also known as foliar) nutrient analyses. For mature fruit trees, leaf mineral content is a more accurate measure of the nutrient status than soil analyses. Leaf analysis can help determine if additional fertilizers are needed before there are any visual signs of deficiency in the tree. Leaf samples should be taken when most vegetative growth has subsided (terminal buds are set), which for most bearing apple trees happens in late July or early August. For the most part, by the time leaf samples are taken and analyzed there is little that can be done to impact the current season’s crop and next year’s flower buds. Therefore, to maintain optimal performance of your orchard, it is recommended to perform a leaf analysis for each block once every three years to ensure that you are consistently maintaining adequate nutrient levels.

Click here to read the full post.

Predicted 2014 Apple Harvest Dates

Predicting harvest date depends upon many factors, including full bloom date, accumulated heat units (growing degree days) over the course of the growing season, physiological stressors (e.g., disease and insect damage or drought), day to night temperature differentials as harvest approaches, and the amount of precipitation. However, the number of days between full bloom and harvest has been shown to be the most reliable predictor of harvest date.

Click here to learn more about pre-harvest drop management.

More than two decades ago, researchers in Michigan determined that there there are an average of 143 days between full bloom and the first commercial pick of Red Delicious apples that are to be held in controlled atmosphere storage (i.e., firmness between 17-18 lbs; starch between 2.5-4 on the 8-pt scale Cornell Starch Chart). Additional seasonal adjustments above or below the average number of days until harvest are made based upon the average daily minimum temperatures for the 15 days after full bloom.

For the past several seasons I have tested the Michigan model using fruit from a block of Bisbee Red Delicious on MARK rootstock. Results to date have shown that this model is very good at predicting harvest maturity in Virginia.

Based on the Michigan model, here are the predictions for 2014:

In Winchester, Bisbee Red Delicious full bloom was April 27 and average minimum temperature for the 15 days after full bloom was 0.5°F more than 50°F. Using this data in the Michigan model, harvest is predicted to be 143 days after full bloom. This puts the predicted harvest date for the first CA pick of Red Delicious at September 16.

In Central Virginia (Tyro), full bloom for Red Delicious was estimated to be April 20 and the predicted harvest is September 9.

If you want to compare the model to your own situation, here are the previous years’ predicted harvest dates:

2011 Winchester: September 10
2012 Winchester: August 26
2012 Central VA (Batesville): August 25
2013 Winchester: September 18
2013 Central VA (Piney River): September 15

Since most growers have Red Delicious trees in their orchards, other cultivars (and strains of Red Delicious that ripen earlier than Bisbee) can be estimated based upon experience on their picking date relative to Red Delicious.

Another method for estimating harvest date uses the rule-of-thumb that says, “for each 2-3 days departure for the normal bloom date, there will be a one-day departure from the normal harvest date.” (Blanpied and Silsby, 1992).

You can find more information about harvest maturity indices in this post.

Starting in August, I will start conducting maturity evaluations of fruit from the Winchester AREC and surrounding orchards.

References

Blanpied, G. and K. Silsby. 1992. Predicting Harvest Date Window for Apples. Cornell Information Bulletin 221. <<pdf>>

Beaudry, R., P. Schwallier, and M. Lennington. 1993. Apple Maturity Prediction: An Extension Tool to Aid Fruit Storage Decisions. HortTechnology 3(2): 233-239.

Upcoming Tree Fruit Programs

Rappahannock In-Orchard Meeting

Wednesday, August 13
11:00am – 1:00pm
Graves’ Mountain Lodge
Rte 670
Syria, VA 22743
Contact: Kenner Love or 540.675.3619


Winchester AREC Public Open House

Saturday, August 16
1:00pm – 5:00pm
Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center
595 Laurel Grove Road
Winchester, VA 22602
Contact: Debbie Marple or 540.869.2560 x10


Winchester Area Tree Fruit Twilight Meeting

Tuesday, August 19
Time TBD
Timber Ridge Fruit Farm (Cordell & Kim Watt)
311 Muse Road
Gore, VA  22637
Contact: Mark Sutphin  or 540.665.5699


Hard Cider Production Short Course

Thursday, Nov. 6 and Friday, Nov. 7 (2-day workshop)
Virginia Tech Campus
Blacksburg, VA
Contact: greg.peck@vt.edu or 540.869.2560 x19