Category Archives: Insect

Thrips are slow to build and cotton is advancing

This may be a year, the first in many, when cotton growers may not have to make as many, or any foliar insecticide applications for thrips. As of this week, we are just beginning to see movement of adult thrips into cotton. We have 3×5 inch yellow sticky cards placed into fields in 5 locations around our cotton growing area (one of those is just across the state line in Northampton County, NC). We are getting a few adult tobacco thrips, an occasional western flower thrips, and a lot of soybean thrips (which are not a serious problem in cotton). I think we are just at the beginning of the large third thrips generation that typically causes our problems. Thrips cause the biggest challenge to seedling cotton when it is cool and dry after emergence. Cool, dry conditions slow seedling growth exposing plants to thrips feeding for a longer period of time, and inhibit insecticide uptake creating the ‘perfect storm’. However this year, we have good soil moisture and a lot of cotton was planted in late April during the warm spell and is already pushing the 2-leaf stage. With one more rain and another week of warm weather, many fields will be out of danger, or at least at much lower risk to thrips damage. Once pants reach the 3-4 leaf stage, thrips feeding may cause some leaf crinkling, but the damage does not reduce yield. Thrips WILL invade cotton, and most likely in large numbers. But this year, if rains and warm weather continues, plants may be able to quickly outgrow the damage.

PS, we have been having some issues with this advisory, delivering multiple emails. The Southern Region IPM Center in Raleigh, NC hosts and services this advisory. They are doing what they can to clear up the problem. We are grateful to them for their continued support of our VA AG Pest Advisory.

Don’t spray for European corn borer on the Eastern Shore

Some potato growers on the Eastern Shore of Virginia are wondering about whether or not to spray insecticides for European corn borer, a pest which damages potatoes by boring into stems and causing the whole stem to wilt and die. The practice of spraying for this pest in potatoes has a long history on the Eastern Shore. Growers have traditionally sprayed products like Penncap-M, Furadan, pyrethroids (Asana, Baythroid, or Warrior), or SpinTor for this insect pest. However, there are very few other regions in the U.S., where potato growers spray insecticides for corn borer, including our neighboring state, North Carolina (according to my colleagues).
I am making a strong suggestion to growers that it is time to stop this traditional insecticide spraying in May for this pest on potatoes. Here are my reasons:
1. Many potato growers are using the systemic insecticide Regent at-planting for wireworm control. This insecticide is very efficacious to corn borer larvae. Our research has shown that you will have almost no corn borer tunnels in potato plants treated with Regent in-furrow.
2. There is very convincing evidence from historical moth catch data at blacklight traps that European corn borer densities regionwide have dropped tremendously over the past decade (click on More to see data graphs of historic European corn borer pest pressure in Painter Virginia on different crops). The adoption of Bt corn on the Delmarva is likely a major contributor to this decline in ECB populations. Bt corn provides virtually 100% kill to ECB. Any eggs deposited on corn (the preferred host) will essentially be a deadend for the population. This has been demonstrated in the Corn Belt states as well.
3. There is strong research evidence that potato plants can tolerate a lot of ECB tunneling before economic yield loss occurs. The potato plants may look bad in an infested field, but the damage often comes late when plants are ready to dry down any way.
4. This year, we’ve not caught any ECB moths in our blacklight trap at Painter.
So, I realize that many growers are probably spraying fungicides for late blight on potatoes currently. You’re probably convinced that adding an insecticide in the tank makes economical sense. But, if you don’t need it, then it really doesn’t make sense. The only other damaging insect pests of potatoes on the Eastern Shore are Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhopper. Both of these insects should be controlled by the at-planting applications of a neonicotinoid such as Admire, Platinum, Venom, Tops MZ-Gaucho, or Cruiser.

Sincerely,
Tom Kuhar
Associate Professor of Entomology
Virginia Tech
Additional information: ecb-infestation-over-time-graphs-docx

Slugs on seedling corn on the Eastern Shore

With the persistent rain that we’ve had recently on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, slugs have started attacking corn and other crops in some no-till fields. This is an age old problem, and the solution has not changed in decades. Dry weather will eliminate the slug problem. However, if seedlings are small (less than 3 leaves), and the slug infestation is heavy, economic damage can occur from this pest. Below is the recommendations taken from the Virginia Cooperative Extension Pest management Guide for Field Crops http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/pmg/fc/InsectsCorn.pdf

Slug, Snail Sampling/Decision Making
Slugs can become serious pests in no-till fields during spring periods of cool, wet weather. Fields with heavy layers of manure,
crop refuse, or thick weed cover are at higher risk from slugs. Because slugs feed at night and hide during the day in the mulch
and surface trash near the seedlings, they often are not suspected of being the cause of the shredded leaves on the young corn
seedlings. Yet slugs can be found during the day by turning over clods of dirt and surface trash near the seedlings. It is suggested
that samples be taken from the area around 5 plants in 10 locations of the field to determine the average number of slugs
associated with each plant. Populations of 5 or more slugs around each plant at the spike through the 3rd-leaf stage may be
economic, especially if injury is heavy, plant growth is slow, and cool, wet conditions prevail. During dry, warm weather, 10
or more slugs per plant may be tolerated. Also, corn seedlings that have reached the 3rd-leaf stage of growth generally are able
to outgrow feeding damage by slugs.
Cultural practices which may help reduce slug populations include reduction in the use of manure, shift to conventional tillage
practices for at least one season, and minimum tillage to reduce the amount of surface trash.

There is basically one registered product for control of slugs, and it works well. metaldehyde(product = Deadline M-Ps, deadline Bullets)applied at 10.0-40.0 lb per acre. For best results, apply product in evening. Especially beneficial if applied following rain or watering. It should be noted that most corn-producing states are suggesting an application rate
of 12 to 15 lb/A, if banded over or along side the row after the plants have emerged. Recent Delaware field trials indicate good results
against slugs using 10 lb Deadline M-Ps/A broadcast with a cyclone spreader. Spreader must be calibrated to deliver at least 5 pellets/sq ft. Slugs generally stop feeding in 2-3 hours and die within 2-3 days.

Early-season insect activity on the Eastern Shore

We’ve had a somewhat slow start to spring on the Eastern Shore of VA with regards to insect pests. *****THRIPS******Over the past month we have collected flowering weeds (mostly mustard and henbit) around farms in Accomack and Northampton Counties to sample for overwintering thrips populations. Although we have found a few tobacco thrips, Eastern flower thrips, and Western flower thrips on the weeds, most flowers have been void of thrips, and overall the counts are less than they were this time last year. This is hopefully good news to farmers…, but we’ll see how populations build up in the small grains crops. ******Colorado potato beetle****** This week I found the first Colorado potato beetles coming to potato plants and mating. Egg-laying will soon follow, and probably has already begun in the Cape Charles potato-growing region. The vast majority of growers used an at-planting application of a neonicotinoid insecticide such as Admire, Platinum, or Venom, which should provide control of beetles until around June. *****Wheat***** Many growers on the Eastern Shore applied a pyrethroid insecticide this spring for aphids…I guess. This spray was probably not warranted. I’ve discussed this matter with Dr. Ames Herbert (Virginia Tech TWAREC), who has many years of experience with aphid pest management in wheat. Aphids seldom ever need to be sprayed on wheat in the early spring. Populations are rarely ever high enough, and natural enemies, particularly parasitoids, will soon catch up to the aphid populations and bring the densities under control. One grower from Northampton County called me this week to tell me that despite strong suggestions from the pesticide applicators to include a pyrethroid insecticide in the spray tank for wheat, he declined. A week later, he said that most of the aphids looked grayish and sick – aphid mummies from the parasitoids. He was glad that he didn’t spray. It’s seems like an easy decision. Sure, you are making a pass over the field anyway, and logic tells you that a pyrethroid is relatively cheap, and you should probably do it. Well even it is only $3 per acre, that’s $3 that probably most of our growers did not need to spend. One concern with aphids is vectoring Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus, but this would have been done in the Fall of the year, and spraying now would not matter. Cereal leaf beetle adults were present, but in very low numbers. Also, I recently heard a scout on the Eastern Shore tell me that in his many years of scouting wheat, he’s only seen two fields that exceeded threshold for cereal leaf beetle.

New potato label for Coragen insecticide foliar use

DUPONT” recently announced a new special label for the anthranilic diamide insecticide CORAGEN® for foliar use on potatoes. In our research trials, Coragen has provided excellent control of Colorado potato beetle, European corn borer, and beet armyworm, which can attack potatoes in our region. Click on More to download the special label. Additional information: coragen-potato-r959-2-pdf

New special label for Coragen insecticide for at-planting applications on veggies

DUPONT” recently announced a new special label for at-planting soil application uses for the systemic insecticide CORAGEN®. Added to the label were new vegetable crops includings BRASSICAS (cole crops), CUCURBITS, FRUITING VEGETABLES and LEAFY VEGETABLES. In our research trials, Coragen has provided excellent control of most lepidopteran pests as a systemic insecticide. Other pests including Colorado potato beetle, whiteflies, and leafminers have also been effectively controlled. Click on More to download the special label Additional information: coragen-soil-app-r958-newlabel-pdf

Coragen is now labeled for cotton

A new insecticide, Coragen, by DuPont, is now labeled for use on cotton (and several other crops). The active ingredient of Coragen is rynaxypyr, an insecticide in the new class, anthranilic diamides. Its main strength is against lepidopterous pests which means corn earworm (cotton bollworm), tobacco budworm, and fall and beat armyworms. We have done a fair amount of field testing against corn earworm and it works very well. Please see the product label for details.

Valent announces new Belay Insecticide for Potato seed piece

Valent USA Corp. recently announced a brand new supplemental label for the insecticide Belay for potato seed piece application. The active ingredient is the systemic neonicotinoid, clothianidin, which is found in the popular corn seed treatment Poncho. Field tests with Belay on potatoes in Virginia, have shown it to be excellent for control of Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhoppers. It should also provide some suppression of wireworms coming to the seed piece. Click more for the supplemental label. Additional information: belay-potato-seed-piece-label-pdf